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Arctic Yearbook 2012 Table of Contents
ACRONYMS..............................................................................................................................................................IV
PREFACE ................................................................................................................................................................VIII
SECTION I: ARCTIC POLICIES.........................................................................................................................1
S TATE OF THE ARCTIC S TRATEGIES AND P OLICIES – A SUMMARY.......................................................................2
NON-ARCTIC S TATES: T HE OBSERVER Q UESTION AT THE ARCTIC COUNCIL..................................................48
THAWINGICE AND FRENCH FOREIGN POLICY: A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT...............................................52
CHINA AND THE ARCTIC............................................................................................................................................81
COMMENTARY : CHINA AND ARCTIC AFFAIRS ......................................................................................................92
JAPAN’S ARCTIC POLICY: THE S UM OF MANY PARTS...........................................................................................94
S INGAPORE: AN E MERGING ARCTIC ACTOR....................................................................................................... 105
AN ARCTIC STRATEGY FOR S COTLAND................................................................................................................ 115
THE UNITED KINGDOM AND THE ARCTIC IN THE 21ST CENTURY................................................................. 131
POLAND AND THE ARCTIC: BETWEEN SCIENCE AND D IPLOMACY.................................................................. 140
COMMENTARY : EU’S NEW ARCTIC COMMUNICATION: T OWARDS U NDERSTANDING OF A GREATER ROLE
.................................................................................................................................................................................... 157
SECTION II: CRITICAL GEOPOLITICS.................................................................................................. 160
INUIT POLITICAL E NGAGEMENT IN THE ARCTIC ................................................................................................ 161
COMMENTARY : A VOICE FROM THE ARCTIC ...................................................................................................... 178
THE ARCTIC ENVIRONMENT – FROM LOW TO HIGH POLITICS....................................................................... 180
25 YEARS OF ARCTIC ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY: C HANGINGISSUES AND P OWER RELATIONS.............. 195
SECTION III: CIRCUMPOLAR RELATIONS......................................................................................... 224
NEW DIRECTIONS FOR GOVERNANCE IN THE ARCTIC REGION....................................................................... 225
S HIPPING AND RESOURCES IN THE ARCTIC OCEAN: A HEMISPHERIC P ERSPECTIVE1................................. 247
THE FUTURE OF ARCTIC S HIPPING ALONG THE TRANSPOLAR SEA ROUTE .................................................. 281
COMMENTARY : THINKING ABOUT THE ‘NEW’ ARCTIC GEOGRAPHY ............................................................ 308
COLLABORATIVE INFRASTRUCTURES: A ROADMAP FORINTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE ARCTIC
.................................................................................................................................................................................... 311
SECTION IV: UPDATE ON THE UARCTIC AND NRF THEMATIC NETWORK ON
GEOPOLITICS AND SECURITY................................................................................................................ 334
COMMENTARY : DIALOGUE ACROSS BORDERS IN THE CIRCUMPOLAR NORTH: HIGHLIGHTS FROM THE
2012 CALOTTE ACADEMY ON WATER IN/AND THE ARCTIC.......................................................................... 335